nitinol stents

Do you know Nitinol ?

 

Nickel titanium, also known as nitinol, is a metal Alloy of nickel and titanium, where the two elements are present in roughly equal atomic percentages.

 

Nitinol alloys exhibit two closely related and unique properties: shape memory and superelasticity (also called pseudoelasticity). Shape memory refers to the ability of nitinol to undergo deformation at one temperature, then recover its original, undeformed shape upon heating above its "transformation temperature". Superelasticity occurs at a narrow temperature range just above its transformation temperature; in this case, no heating is necessary to cause the undeformed shape to recover, and the material exhibits enormous elasticity, some 10-30 times that of ordinary metal.

 

Brief  description

 

 

                   Shape Memory Nitinol Wire: TiNi-01   TiNi-02

 

                   Super elastic Nitinol wire:   TiNi-SS

 

                   Medical Nitinol alloy:         TiNi-SS

 

                   Narrow Hysteresis Nitinol Alloy: TiNiCu alloy

 

                   Wide Hysteresis Nitinol Alloy: TiNiNb   TiNiFe

 

 

 

Standard: ASTM F2063-05 Q/XB1516 Customer specified or Industry Standard

 Available sizes :0.08-6.0mm

 

Chemical composition: Ni: 55.4% --56.2% C≤0.07 H≤0.005 O≤0.050 N:≤ 0.05

 

 

Physical Properties

 

Nitinol properties are particular to the precise composition of the alloy and its processing. The presented specifications are typical for commercially available shape memory nitinol alloys.

 

 

Melting point: 1310 ºC

Density: 6.45 g/cc

Electrical Resistivity:82x10^-6 Ωcm (Austenite)

        76 x10^-6 Ωcm (Martensite)

Thermal Conductivity:0.18 W/cm ºC (Austenite)

          0.086 W/cm ºC (Martensite)

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion:11x10^-6/ ºC (Austenite)

          6.6 x10^-6/ ºC (Martensite)

Magnetic Permeability:< 1.002

Magnetic Susceptibility: 3.7x10^-6 emu/g (Austenite)

 2.4x10^-6 emu/g (Martensite)

Elastic Modulus: 75-83 GPa (Austenite)

          28-40 GPa (Martensite)

Yield Strength: 195 - 690 MPa (Austenite)

        70 - 140 MPa (Martensite)

Poisson's Ratio:0.33

 

Alloy		Chemical composition	Af (Fully annealed)	Min. elongation to failure [%]	Max. Residual  elongation after 6% strain [%]	Main Applications	Specifications
Superelastic Ni-Ti alloy	TiNi-SS	Ti-50.8at%	-5°C ± 5°C.	10	0.1	Eyeglass Frames, Cellular Phone Antennae, Bra Underwire	Q/XB1516.2 Q/XB1516.2
	TN3  TNC	TiNiVAl TiNiCr	-40°C ~50°C	10	0.1
Body temperature Ni-Ti alloy	TiNi-YY	Ti-50.7at%Ni	Functional Af=33 ± 3	15	0.1	Implantable devices,Bone staples Vascular Stents	ASTM 2063
	Ti-Ni-01	55.6~55.8 wt%Ni	20 - 40	15	0.1	Guide wires, Stents Orthodontic Arches	Q/XB1516.1
High temperature Ni-Ti alloy	Ti-Ni-02	54.8~55.5wt%Ni	45 - 95	10	0.1	Implantable active devices, Surgical tools, Thermostats Coffeepots	Q/XB1516.1
	TiNiCu	TiNiCu	As-Ms ≤ 5	10	0.1

 

Applications

 

 

There are four commonly used types of applications for nitinol.

• Free Recovery: nitinol is deformed at a low temperature, and heated to recover its original shape.
• Constrained Recovery: The same, except that recovery is rigidly prevented, and thus a stress is generated.
• Work Production: Here the alloy is allowed to recover, but to do so it must act against a force (thus doing work).
• Superelasticity: As discussed above, here the nitinol acts as a super spring.

In 1989 a survey was conducted in the United States and Canada that involved seven organizations. The survey focused on predicting the future technology, market, and applications of SMA's. The companies predicted the following uses of nitinol in a decreasing order of importance: (1) Couplings,( 54853865,2) Biomedical and medical,( 54853866,3) Toys, demonstration, novelty items,( 54853867,4) Actuators,( 54853868,5) Heat Engines,( 54853869,6) Sensors,( 54853870,7) Cryogenically activated die and bubble memory sockets, and finally (8) lifting devices.^[17]

• Nitinol is also popular in extremely resilient glasses frames. It is also used in some mechanical watch springs.
• It can be used as a temperature control system; as it changes shape, it can activate a switch or a variable resistor to control the temperature.
• It is used in cell-phone technology as a retractable antenna, or microphone boom, due to its highly flexible and mechanical memory nature.
• It is used in some novelty products, such as self-bending spoons which can be used by amateur and stage magicians to demonstrate "psychic" powers or as a practical joke, as the spoon will bend itself when used to stir tea, coffee, or any other warm liquid.
• It can also be used as wires which are used to locate and mark breast tumours so that following surgery can be more exact.
• Due to the fact it can change shapes it is also used as a golf club insert.
• Nickel titanium can be used to make the under wires for underwire bras.

 

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